The role of transcription factors in differentiation and development of the olfactory epithelium stem cells / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

As a sensor of the olfactory system, olfactory epithelium plays an important role in the olfactory system. In addition, olfactory epithelium is the only neuroepithelial epithelium in mammals that can maintain its self-renewal all along. There are of great significance in researching regenerating and repairing neural tissues, transplanting and treatment neural stem cells as well as the occurrence of olfactory disorders and intervention. This review will describe the characteristics of olfactory epithelial stem cells, and mainly summerize the function and significance of each transcription factor in the process of olfactory epithelial stem cell development and differentiation, in order to provide new ideas for the study of olfactory epithelial stem cells.

Relationship between plasma endothelin-1 and nitric oxide levels and hearing impairment in elderly patients with hyperuricemia / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between plasma endothelin-1 and nitric oxide levels and hearing impairment in elderly patients with hyperuricemia (HUA). Methods The clinical data of 174 physical examination elderly from September 2013 to March 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, the HUA was in 81 cases (HUA group), and no HUA was in 93 cases (control group). The pure tone hearing and high stimulation rate of auditory brainstem response were tested, and the plasma endothelin and nitric oxide levels were detected. Results The pure tone hearing of 250, 500, 1 000,2 000, 4 000 and 8 000 Hz in HUA group were significantly higher than those in control group: (33.03 ± 12.09) dB vs. (28.49 ± 9.89) dB, (35.56 ± 13.47) dB vs. (27.31 ± 9.34) dB, (38.81 ± 14.94) dB vs. (29.78 ± 9.39) dB, (43.62 ± 16.45) dB vs. (37.06 ± 12.66) dB, (51.07 ± 18.36) dB vs. (46.29 ± 15.15) dB and (65.75 ± 18.76) dB vs. (57.71 ± 20.26) dB, and there were statistical differences (P＜0.01). The Ⅰ wave, Ⅲ wave, Ⅴ wave latency and Ⅰ to Ⅲ wave, Ⅰ to Ⅴwave intervals in HUA group were significantly longer than those in control group: (2.10 ± 0.26) ms vs. (2.03 ± 0.24) ms, (4.11 ± 0.38) ms vs. (3.89 ± 0.31) ms, (5.94 ± 0.31) ms vs. (5.69 ± 0.29) ms, (2.01 ± 0.26) ms vs. (1.86 ± 0.22) ms and (3.83 ± 0.28) ms vs. (3.65 ± 0.25) ms, and there were statistical differences (P＜0.01). There was no statistical difference inⅢtoⅤwave interval between 2 groups (P＞0.05). The Ⅴ wave threshold value in HUA group was significantly higher than that in control group:(45.61 ± 11.18) dB vs. (41.98 ± 9.37) dB, and there was statistical difference (P＜0.05). The plasma endothelin-1 level in HUA group was significantly higher than that in control group: (16.96 ± 3.45) ng/L vs. (11.64 ± 3.81) ng/L, the plasma nitric oxide level was significantly lower than that in control group:(0.98 ± 0.66) μmol/L vs. (1.36 ± 1.08) μmol/L, and there were statistical differences (P＜0.05 or＜0.01). Conclusions Elevated plasma endothelin-1 level and reduced nitric oxide level may be a possible mechanism for hearing impairment in elderly patients with hyperuricemia.

Correlation of positive expressions of HPV and EBV with laryngeal carcinoma / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationships between expressions of HPV and EBV in larynge-al carcinoma. Methods DNA flow-through hybridization and gene chip genotyping technology(HybriMax)and real-time quantitative PCR were used for 37 subtypes of HPV detection and quantitative detection of EBV in 101 cases of laryngeal cancer paraffin embedded tissue specimens. 43 cases of vocal cord polyp of paraffin embedded tissue specimens were used as the controls. Results The positive rate of laryngeal carcinoma was 13.86% in group HPV and 9.3% in the control group ,with no statistically significant difference between the positive expres-sions of HPV in the laryngeal carcinoma group and control group(P>0.05). The positive rate of laryngeal carci-noma was 63.37% and 13.95%,respectively ,in group EBV ,and the control group ,with significant difference between them(P 0.05),but the difference was statistically significant in highly differentiated EBV as compared with those with low differentiation type,medium differentiation and poor differentiation(P 0.05). Conclusions The incidence of laryngeal carcinoma is closely related with EBV infection ,possibly relationed with HPV and high-risk subtypes of HPV have a certain role in the process of induced laryngeal carcino-ma. The gender ,age and duration of disease have no significant correlation with EBV infection. This study will provide a basis for further invesgitation of pathogenesis of laryngeal cancer and prevention and treatment of larynge-al cancer.

CT scan of frontal recess / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To make 3-D reconstruction of frontal recess by high speed spiral CT, which can be helpful to nasal endoscopic frontal sinus operation.@*METHOD@#Fifty-one cases (102 laterals) of frontal recess 3-D reconstruction by 16 line high speed spiral CT were enrolled in the research, which included 58 laterals with chronic frontal sinusitis and 44 laterals of normal nasal sinus. The structure of frontal recess, the agger nasi and the adhere style of uncinate process were recognized. The parameter of frontal recess was measured. Finally the data of two groups were compared and analyzed.@*RESULT@#CT 3-D reconstruction of frontal recess could display the frontal sinus, frontal endosome and frontal recess. The shape of frontal recess varied greatly in different cases, which depended on the near structure especially agger nasi and uncinate process. The difference of average Y axes inner diameter between agger nasi and frontal endosome was significant. The difference of average Y axes inner diameter between frontal endosome and anterior nasal spine, between the line of frontal endosome to anterior nasal spine and the line of Aeby's plane and between bhullar cell and anterior nasal spine were not significant in two groups.@*CONCLUSION@#The drainage flow of frontal recess depends on the near structures especially on the agger nasi and uncinate process. The prevalence of agger nasi is high, and the position of it is constancy, as far agger nasi can be an anatomic landmark of frontal sinus operation. The position of frontal endosome is constancy. The scalloped area from anterior nasal spine 50-60 degrees to the line of Aeby's plane and within 100 mm radius is safety section to nasal endoscopic frontal sinus operation. CT 3-D reconstruction of this area is helpful to avoid insult.

Evaluate the effect of CO2 laser-assisted uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To seek the effect of CO2 laser-assisted uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (LAUP) of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).@*METHOD@#Patients with OSAHS confirmed by polysomnography (PSG) were chosen. Ninety-six patients were completed PSG studies of more than 6 months after CO2 LAUP.@*RESULT@#The 96 patients' follow-up period was 6 months, 29 cases were cured; 34 cases had notable effects; 13 cases had effects; 20 cases had no effects. The effective rate was 79.17% (76/96).@*CONCLUSION@#Application CO2 LAUP is a safe and effective treatment method for OSAHS.

Gene expression profiles in human nasal polyps studied by DNA microarray / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the changes in gene expressions in the human nasal polyp.@*METHOD@#A 14500 gerie DNA microarray (Affymetrix) was used to examine gene expressions in 6 NP samples, 6 normal mucosal samples. The differentially expressed genes were identified and subjected to realtime PCR analysis.@*RESULTS@#The differentially expressed genes mostly involved in cytokines, adhesion genes about complements and their receptors, immune transcription regulatory molecules, signal transduction, differentially expressed genes including IL-8, RGS1, GRK4, CCL20, uteroglobin. The results of IL-8, RGS1 Real-time PCR of were consistent with that of gene chip analysis.@*CONCLUSION@#Microarray expression profile of NP samples is differential. RGS1 may play an important role in cell signal transduction, IL-8 may involve in occurrence of nasal polyps by inducing cells releasing inflammatory factors.

Ectopic parathyroid gland hyperplasia in the pyriform sinus / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the diagnosis and treatment of the ectopic parathyroid gland in the pyriform sinus.@*METHOD@#Retrospectively analysis of 1 case with ectopic parathyroid gland in the pyriform sinus and retrospectively review the past literatures.@*RESULT@#The cases with the ectopic parathyroid gland in the pyriform sinus reported in the past literatures included: 2 with parathyroid gland tissues, 3 with hyperplasia, the other 1 with adenoma. The case reported by us was with adenoma.@*CONCLUSION@#The ectopic parathyroid gland hyperplasia in the pyriform sinus is rarely reported before and it usually causes misdiagnosis. Better knowledge of the different position of the ectopic parathyroid gland hyperplasia in the pyriform sinus will help diagnosing and treating it.

Clinical use of acoustic rhinometry guiding radiofrequency to treat nasal obstruction / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the value of acoustic rhinometry in treating patients with nasal obstruction by radiofrequency(RF).@*METHOD@#The clinical results of 46 nasal obstruction cases treated by RF were analyzed. The therapy area were determined by acoustic rhinometry.@*RESULT@#Pretherapy: mean nasal cross-sectional area (NMCA) (0. 37+/-0. 16)cm(2) , the front part of inferior nasal concha minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) (1. 10+/-0. 17)cm(2) , volume of nasal cavity(NV) (5. 76 +/-2. 81) cm(3), nasal resistance(NR) (5. 96 +/- 2. 24) kPa x s/L. Post therapy: NMCA(0. 68+/-0. 18)cm, MCA(1. 76+/-0. 19)cm(2), NCV (9. 10+/-2. 10)cm(3), NR(2. 42+/-0.86) kPa x s/ L. For 46 cases, there were remarkable improvements between pretherapy and post therapy ( P <0. 05). Twenty-seven cases were cured, 19 cases were improved, total effectiveness rate were 100%.@*CONCLUSION@#RF therapy guided by acoustic rhinometry may help determine the therapy area and improve the effectiveness.

Study of the gene expression profiles in human allergic rhinitis / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To explore the changes in gene expression in patients with allergic rhinitis(AR). METHODS 14500 gene DNA microarray(Affymetrix) was used to examine the gene expression in 6 AR nasal mucosal samples and 6 normal nasal mucosal samples.The differentially expressed genes were identified and subjected to real time RT-PCR analysis. RESULTS Compared with normal sinus tissues,161 genes were found to be differentially expressed in AR samples.Forty-seven genes were upregulated,114 genes were downregulated.The differentially expressed genes mostly involved in immune transcription regulatory molecules,signal transduction.Real-time RT-PCR results of CCL20,GPK4 were consistent with that of gene chip analysis.CONCLUSION Microarray expression profile of AR samples is differential.GPK4 and CCL20 may play an important role in cell signal transduction in mechanisms of AR.

Different sampling method affects the voice assessment results for the patient with vocal polyp / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

In order to definitude the influence caused by the different sampling in voice assessment.Method:We comparing the results acquired by total section and subsection sampling.Result:The results acquired by subsection tended to normal more than those acquired by total section. Conclusion:Subsection sampling voice assessment might conceal the drgree of the disease state of patients

Study on metastasis-associated gene in carcinoma by cDNA microarray / 第二军医大学学报

Objective:To understand the molecular pat hophysiology of hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer.Methods: We studied novel gene expression by cDNA microarray method. The PCR pro ducts of 4 096 genes and 12 800 gene were spotted onto a kind of chemical-mater ial-coated-glass slide in array. Both the mRNAs from 5 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and 3 cases of pancreatic cancer were reversely transcribed to cDNAs with the incorporation of fluorescent-labeled dUTP to prepare the hybridization probes. After hybridization, BioDoor4096 and BioDoor12800 cDNA microarray were scanned for the fluorescent intensity. Tumor invasion-related gene expression w as screened through the analysis of difference in gene expression profile.Results:Among 4 096 and 12 800 target genes, there were 15 genes who se expression level differed from normal and carcinoma tissues. Therefore, they might be associated with metastasis.Conclusion:Further analysis of these differentially expressed metastasis-associated genes will be helpful for understanding the molecular mechanism of malignant carcinoma.

Study of differentially expressed genes in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by cDNA microarray / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To screen for the differentially expressed genes in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and normal laryngeal tissue using cDNA microarray. Methods: The PCR products of 4 096 genes were spotted on a chemical material coated glass plates in array. The DNAs were then fixed on the glass plate by a serial of treatments. The total RNAs were isolated from the tissues, and then were purified to mRNAs by Oligotex. Both the mRNAs from the laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and normal tissue were reversely transcribed to cDNAs with the incorporations of fluorescent dUTP, for preparing the hybridization probes. The mixed probes were then hybridized to the cDNA microarray. After high stringent washing, the cDNA microarray was scanned for the fluorescent signals and showed the differences between 2 tissues. Results: Among the 4 096 target genes, there were 36(0.88%) genes whose expression levels differed between the carcinoma and normal tissues in all 4 cases. Bioinformatical analysis of those genes had been performed. Conclusion: DNA microarray technology is an effective technique in screening for differentially expressed genes between 2 different kinds of tissue. Further analysis of the obtained genes will help to understand the molecular mechanism of malignant carcinoma. [

Effects of 60Co r-ray Radiation on Cochlea in Guinea Pigs / 第二军医大学学报

The effects of different doses of r-ray on cochlea are reported in this paper. Significant hearing loss and severe cochlea hair cells injury were found while radiation dose was more than 80 Gy. With 40 Gy to 60 Gy, slight hearing loss, but cochlea hair cells and support cells impairment were observed. With 20 Gy, no hearing loss and no hair cell damage were found. The results indicated that the damage increases with a dose of radiation and there is a delay effect of radiation on cochles.

Observation of Acute Radiation Injury to Cochlea by Scanning Electron Microscope / 第二军医大学学报

The changes of hair cells after acute radiation injury to cochlea were studied with scanning electron microscope in guinea pigs. Outer hair cell cilia were disordered, fused, and lost in the early stage after 40Gy ?-ray irradiation of the bullae of guinea pigs. From 15 to 30d after radiation, reconstruction of cilia besides early changes, and ball shape materials on the side of inner hair cells were found. The possible mechanism of these changes is also discussed

Malignant lymphoma of head and neck:an analysis of 139 cases / 第二军医大学学报

Objective:To study the clinical characteristics of malignant lymphomas of the head and neck.Methods:The clinical data of 139 patients with malignant lymphomas of the head and neck were retrogradely analyzed,and the long term follow up was carried out.Results:Among all the cases there were 128 non Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL) and 11 Hodgkin's disease(HD). The average ages of patients with HD and NHL were 41.8 and 50.0 years old respectively.There were lymphadenopathy in all patients with HD and 72.7% of those with NHL. Extranodal involvement occurred in 27.3% HD patients and 75.8% NHL patients; general symptoms appeared in 45.5% HD patients and 37.5% NHL patients. Most patients received chemotherapy of CHOP and improved CHOP scheme.The average follow up time was 23.4 months. Twelve patients died and the 3 year survival rate was 55.6%.Conclusion:In our group, the patients present an older age and NHL is more common than HD.The cases with cervical lymphadenopathy are easy to be diagnosed,and the clinical stage classification is useful for the prognosis.

Auditory Center Affected by Chronic Noise Exposure / 第二军医大学学报

In order to study the effect of chronic noise exposure on auditory center, seven guinea pigs were .exposured to 105 dB A noise 8h daily for 45 d. Then the animals were killed by decapitation. The superior olive and inferior colliculus were taken immediately to make the samples of electron microscope. The mitochondria swelling, membrane rupture, cristae breaking, ballooning degeneration were found. The rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum was swollen and expanded. The lysosome and secondary lysosome were increased. The cell interstitial edema and synaptic besicle decrease were observed. The nuclear chromatid was decreased and nucleolus was kept to the side. The laminae of neurilemma of nerve fibers were dissociated, swollen and broken. The results indicate that the ultrastructure, neural cells and fibers in the auditory center are damaged by chronic noise exposure and most of these damages are irreversible.

ACOUSTIC INJURY OF GUINEA PIGS CAUSED BY ~60Co?-RAY / 第二军医大学学报

The head of guinea pig was irradiated with 60Co?-ray and a single dose of irradiation was 90 Gy and 70 Gy in two groups, respectively.Two h after irradiation, the threshold shifts were 12.5 dB and 9 dB, and the auditory cortical evoked response (ACER) maximum post-irradiation amplitude exceeded the maximum prc-irradiation value by 20% and 37%.Six h later, the threshold shift increased to 37 dB and the maximum amplitude decreased to the level of pre-irradiation in the 70 Gy group.Right auditory bulla area was irradiated with a total dose of 45 Gy in a course of six fractions in two weeks.Fourteen d after irradiation, the threshold shift of auditory brainstem evoked response(ABR)was 11.8 dB.Hjstolo-gical observation using scanning electron microscope showed that only outer hair cells in the basal coil of the cochlea were destroyed 6 h after irradliation in the 90 Gy group.But outer hair cells in all coils of the cochlea were found to be destroyed 16 h after irradiation.In the 45 Gy group, 14 d after irradiation, outer hair cells in all coils of the cochlea were damaged and no inner hair cells were injured severely.

Effect of Noise on the Auditory Center / 第二军医大学学报

Adult guinea pigs with normal Preyer's reflexs were used in this experiment and were divided into three groups according to the intensity of noise and exposure time. Auditory brainstem evoked response was recorded before and after exposure to noise. Clicks were presented monaurally at a rate of high (50 Hz) as well as low (10 Hz). The superior olive and inferior colliculus were observed under the electron microscope after the guinea pigs were exposured to 110dB noise for 30 min. The average shift of wave Ⅳ amplitude-intensity function curve was more than that of wave I after exposure to intensive noise. The difference value of wave Ⅴ latency from low (10 Hz) to high (50 Hz) stimulus click rate decreased and was negatively co related with the exposure time. Ⅰ-Ⅴ, Ⅲ -Ⅴ and Ⅳ-Ⅴ interpeak latencies were shorter after exposure to noise. The mitochondria and neurilemma swelling were found in the superior olive and inferior colliculus after exposure. Some mechanisms of the changes of auditory center were discussed in this paper.